VENTILATION and electrical penetrations
Openings and penetrations associated with ventilation systems, electrical equipment and devices or associated with chases (that is, channels for drain-pipes, wiring and chimneys) are common air pathways.
These penetrations, when linking conditioned and unconditioned spaces, should be fixed, since they will be a source of problems and a cause of high energy bills.

What to seal
The image above (from DOE) shows some of the penetrations associated with mechanical ventilation systems or electrical and chase openings, and where to seal.
Any plumbing or any electrical wire penetration through drywall should be sealed with foam or caulk. Electrical switches, outlets and circuit breaker boxes to drywall should be caulked or foamed (a simple way to fix the problem is to remove the faceplate, add a foam gasket and replace the plate.)
Cracks or openings related with medicine cabinets, light fixture boxes, bath and kitchen ventilation fans (or whole-house fans) should also be sealed (use spray foam or house-wrap tape to seal whole-house fans), as well as penetrations due to combustion equipments.
Sealing Products
Electrical wire, plumbing, and HVAC/ventilation penetrations should be sealed with caulk or spray foam.
Wiring, knockouts in electrical boxes or outdoor mounted boxes to the exterior sheathing demand specific caulks.
Pay special attention to the risks that fixtures and electric components may put. Seal the space between the fixtures and drywall with proper caulks.
See also:
Air Sealing Basics
Where to look for Air Leaks
Weatherstripping basics
Air Sealing Attic Penetrations
Exterior Joints and Top and Bottom Plate Air Sealing
Air Sealing Soffits/Dropping Ceilings
Bath Tubs and Plumbing Penetrations Sealing
Fireplaces and Chimney Openings Sealing
Knee Walls Air Sealing
Air Sealing vs. Insulation
Air Sealing Materials
Caulking materials
Applying Caulks
Air Sealing Foams and their Application
Ventilation, Air Leaking and Healthy Indoor Air
Air Barriers and Housewraps
Home Audit Basics
